The manufacturing sector is continually pursuing more efficient and precise techniques for quality assurance. Central to this goal are sophisticated 3D metrology solutions, which provide unrivaled accuracy in inspecting manufactured items. While numerous options are available in the marketplace, they diverge significantly in their foundational principles and functionalities, with some even transcending measurement to deliver the advantages of augmented reality.
One extensively employed 3D measurement technique leverages laser triangulation. This methodology deploys a laser to project a line onto a part's surface. A camera, positioned at a predetermined angle relative to the laser, observes the deformation of this projected line as it traverses the part's features. By analyzing this distortion, the inspecting sensor can extract 3D coordinates, effectively generating a 3D digital representation of the object. The straightforwardness and rapidity of laser triangulation make it a suitable option for various industrial applications.
Another standard class of 3D measurement devices leverages stereo cameras (typically two cameras) and a central projector. The projector casts a predefined pattern onto the object's surface. Similar to how our own eyes perceive depth, the two cameras capture images of this projected pattern from slightly different viewpoints. By analyzing the distortion and displacement of the pattern elements in the images acquired by both cameras, the system can precisely ascertain the 3D geometry of the component. This methodology is very adaptable and can inspect intricate shapes with great clarity.
Another frontier in 3D measurement innovation presents enhanced capabilities beyond acquiring 3D data. This solution not only projects patterns and observes their deformation to gauge height variations and construct a 3D map of the target, but also possesses the capacity to project the outcomes of the examination directly back onto the physical part. For example, a system that gauges a part's dimensions can also highlight defective areas or out-of-spec regions right on the part's surface using an intuitive projected overlay.
This technology integrates a digital micromirror device (DMD), a projector, and a high-speed camera. The digital micromirrors, managed by a dedicated controller and core to this technology, can swiftly and accurately coordinate the reflection of elaborate patterns onto the part's surface. This orchestration of projected lights is accomplished by alternating the "on" and "off" states of the micromirrors as they get illuminated by one or more lighting sources. A high-speed camera captures the deformation of these projected patterns as they strike the target surface, enabling accurate 3D measurement and flaw detection. Lastly, in addition to having metrology capabilities, the same system can also be utilized to display visual feedback, such as areas with imperfections, directly onto the part for troubleshooting guidance. This provides not just a thorough inspection function but also a powerful augmented reality (AR) benefit.
Contact 23DA to learn more about what 3D imaging technology is right for you.